Drahtloskommunikation und -netze

03  Fiber Optic Transmission Systems
Fiber optic transmission is at the very core of most modern telecommunications systems. These so-called ‘fiber optic networks’ offer both unprecedented capacity and the deployment flexibility needed to support a wide range of evolving and emerging broadband applications. Optical technology has greatly evolved in the last decade and is penetrating all sectors of modern telecommunication networks. While the use of optics was initially focused on the long-haul transport segment, optical fibers today are commonplace in metro, access and LAN networks. Each of these fiber optics application segments has its peculiar requirements and characteristics and has thus generated a wide range of different solutions. 
41  3GPP Long Term Evolution – Radio Technology
Wireless broadband Internet access providing IP based services to mobile users is growing rapidly worldwide. State-of-the-art systems cannot support this increasing demand for higher bit rates at reduced cost and do generally not meet future requirements. 3GPP Long Term Evolution is the new UMTS standard making use of latest technologies such as OFDMA based access, frequency based scheduling, MIMO and higher order modulation. With LTE substantial gains regarding capacity, peak data rates, user and control plane latency and deployment cost can be expected, while minimizing terminal complexity. The scalable OFDM technology allows a flexible spectrum allocation in existing and new frequency bands. LTE is the natural evolution of GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies making 3GPP standards competitive over other cellular standards in the next decade. The standardisation of LTE is completed and the commercial first networks are already deployed. LTE will also be the basis for a new 4G standard called LTE Advanced that is in the process of standardisation right now. 
42  3GPP Long Term Evolution - Radio Protocol and Architecture
Wireless broadband internet access providing IP based services to mobile users is growing rapidly worldwide. State-of-the-art systems cannot support this increasing demand for higher bit rates at reduced cost and do generally not meet future requirements. 3GPP Long Term Evolution is the new UMTS standard making use of OFDMA/SC-FDMA based access technologies combined with MIMO and also defines a new layer 2/3-protocol architecture that can process very high data rates instantaneously. 3GPP does not only define a completely new air interface called Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), it also works on a System Architecture Evolution, the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). This is based on a flat, simplified all IP based architecture with a reduced number of network entities, a new Quality of Service concept and the support of seamless mobility between heterogeneous access networks. The standardisation of LTE is completed and the first networks are already deployed. 
46  MIMO and Beamforming for 4G Wireless with Applications to LTE and WiMax
Even as 3G is being deployed, the wireless community is busy designing the fourth generation of mobile systems. While the definition of 4G has not been finalized, there is a consensus that the expected data rate requirements will be an order of magnitude higher than 3G.
Two technologies working in tandem are emerging as likely candidates for 4G implementations. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has already proved successful in providing high speed communication over wireless LANs, but, by itself, it cannot deliver the data rates targeted by 4G. Multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) is seen as the key technology to complement OFDM to support high data rates in future wireless systems. 
48  From LTE to LTE Advanced - 4G Wireless Networks
3GPP Long-Term Evolution networks are being rolled out commercially as the new global standard for mobile broadband. LTE as standardized in Release 8/9, although making use of the latest technologies, cannot fulfill the 4G requirements as defined by the ITU-R. Therefore, 3GPP already standardized further enhancements of the LTE air interface. LTE-Advanced promises to deliver peak data rates of up to 1 Gbps in stationary downlink and up to 500 Mbps in the uplink, as well as improvements in spectral efficiency and fairness, and increased flexibility in actual spectrum and network deployment whilst at the same time ensuring backward compatibility with LTE networks and terminals. LTE-Advanced defined as a technology toolbox will ensure the success of LTE as the dominating global 4G standard.
59  OFDM and MIMO Wireless Technologies with Applications to WiMax and UMTS LTE
The driving force behind future growth in the telecommunications industries is seen to be broadband wireless access to the Internet and wireless data connectivity to mobile users. 
This course focuses on two key wireless technologies, OFDM and MIMO, and it contains details on the applications of these technologies to new wireless systems such as WiMax and UMTS LTE. 
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